Background
Pediatric onset MS and other inflammatory brain diseases (IBrainDs) are severe diseases
affecting children and adolescents in a period of essential brain development. This possibly
leads to a variety of focal neurological deficits as well as early cognitive impairment. In
turn, the cognitive impairment may impact school performance and vocational achievements.
Timely diagnosis and treatment initiation as well as individually tailored management are
important for a favorable disease course. However, the diagnosis of the different IBrainDs
can be challenging, especially in young children, since their first acute inflammation is
often accompanied by unspecific symptoms common to all IBrainDs. A systematic assessment of
similarities and differences between clinical signs, symptoms, and diagnostic workup of
different IBrainDs will enable faster and more reliable diagnosis.
Furthermore, neither epidemiological data nor information on health care management and
disease outcome of pediatric IBrainD patients exist in Switzerland. Therefore, a national
registry is being established, which will allow a deeper understanding of pediatric IBrainD
epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management. Ultimately, the registry will improve
the care of children suffering from an IBrainD in Switzerland.
The Swiss-Ped-IBrainD Registry (title: "Swiss Pediatric Inflammatory Brain Disease Cohort
Study", project number: 2019-00377) has been approved by the ethics committees of Bern, the
Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz (EKNZ), the Ethikkommission Ostschweiz (EKOS),
and the ethics committees of Zrich, Lausanne, Geneva, and Bellinzona.
Objectives
The registry pursues the following goals:
- Gathering representative, population-based epidemiological data on pediatric IBrainD in
Switzerland.
- Monitoring treatment, clinical course, education, social aspects, and outcomes of
pediatric IBrainD patients.
- Providing a platform to facilitate research, national and international collaboration
and exchange of knowledge between experts.
The registry thus addresses the increasing requests for medical trial participation and
promotes the exchange with existing adult registries (e.g., Swiss MS Registry).
Inclusion/exclusion criteria:
All patients living and/or treated in Switzerland with an IBrainD specified in the following
list with a disease onset before the age of 18.
- Optic neuritis
- Transverse myelitis
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
- Multiple sclerosis
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
- Anti-NMDA-R associated autoimmune encephalitis
- Anti-GAD65 associated autoimmune encephalitis
- Anti-AMPAR-1/2 associated autoimmune encephalitis
- Anti-Lgi-1 associated autoimmune encephalitis
- Anti-CASPR-2 associated autoimmune encephalitis
- Anti-GABAR-1/2 associated autoimmune encephalitis
- Onconeuronal antibody (Hu, Ri, Yo, Amphiphysin, CRMP-5, Ma-1, Ma-2, SOX-1) associated
autoimmune encephalitis
- Hashimoto encephalopathy
- CNS vasculitis
- CNS sarcoidosis
- CNS Lupus
- Rasmussen's encephalitis
Excluded are patients with:
- Neurological symptoms due to infectious diseases of the CNS
- Genetic/metabolic causes of central demyelinating diseases
- Neurological symptoms due to Guillain-Barr-Syndrome
Registration of Patients and Collection of Medical Data:
Pediatricians, pediatric neurologists, neurologists, specialists in rehabilitation, and
primary care physicians at the participating centers are responsible to identify children
with the listed IBrainDs during regular medical consultations. Upon identification, treating
physicians inform patients and their parents orally and in writing about the
Swiss-Ped-IBrainD. Patients (and their legal representatives if applicable) who want to
participate must give their informed consent. Once a patient consents to participate, his/her
medical data will be entered in the registry.
The diagnostic workup and treatment of patients continue as usual and are independent from
participation; no examination will be carried out specifically for the Swiss-Ped-IBrainD.
Medical data is collected through the following sources:
- Medical records and reports
- Oral/written information from treating physician
- Oral/written information from patient/family
- Routine statistics and other medical registries
- Questionnaires for patients and families The data collection focuses on diagnostic,
follow-up, and relapse variables.
Routine data and linkages:
Communities; Federal Statistical Office (e.g. the birth register, cause of death statistics,
hospital statistics)
Current status:
From 2020-2021, the investigators have included 17 persons diagnosed with an IBrainD.
Funding
- Schweizerische Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft
- PedNet Bern
- Roche Pharma (Switzerland) Ltd
- Novartis Pharma Schweiz AG
- SwissPedRegistry, University of Bern